Blog of Veikko M.O.T. Nyfors, Hybrid Quantum ICT consultant
Quantum Mechanics demystified, a try
Project maintained by veikkonyfors
Hosted on GitHub Pages — Theme by mattgraham
Subatomic particles
Overview
| Elementary |
Fermion |
Quark |
Up |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Down |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Charm |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Strange |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Top |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Bottom |
|
| ” |
” |
Lepton |
Charged |
Electron ($e^-$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Positron ($e^+$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Muon ($\mu^-$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Antimuon ($\mu^+$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Tau ($\tau^-$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Antitau ($\tau^+$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
Neutral |
Electronneutrino ($\nu_e$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Electron Antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}_e$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Muonneutrino ($\nu_\mu$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Muon Antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}_\mu$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Tauneutrino ($\nu_\tau$) |
| ” |
” |
” |
” |
Tau Antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}_\tau$) |
| ” |
Boson |
Gauge |
Photon |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Gluon |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
W Boson |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Z Boson |
|
| ” |
” |
Scalar |
Higgs |
|
| Composite |
Hadron |
Baryon |
Proton |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Neutron |
|
| ” |
” |
Meson |
Pion |
|
| ” |
” |
” |
Rho |
|
Quarks
| |
Up |
Charm |
Top |
| charge |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
| spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| mass |
$4.2\frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
$1.27 \frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
$173.1 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
| |
Down |
Strange |
Bottom |
| charge |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
| spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| mass |
$4.8 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$96\frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$4.2\frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
Leptons
| |
Electron |
Positron |
Muon |
| Charge |
$-e$ |
$+e$ |
$-e$ |
| Spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| Mass |
$0.511 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$0.511 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$105.7 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
Baryons
| |
Proton |
Neutron |
|
| Charge |
+$e$ |
0 |
|
| Spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
|
| Mass |
$938 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$0.5 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
|
| Quarks |
UUD |
DDU |
|
Mesons
| |
Pion |
Rho |
| |
$\pi^+, \pi^- \hspace{1em} or \hspace{1em} \pi^0$ |
$\rho^+, \rho^- \hspace{1em} or \hspace{1em} \rho^0$ |
Vocalbulary
Color charge
Red, green or blue.
Relates to strong nuclear force, dealt with in QCD.
Color quantum state is needed, as some hadrons, e.g. $\Delta^{++}$, consist of quarks with some incompatible quantum states otherwise
Electronvolt
Unit of energy required to have an electron move through a voltage difference of 1V in an electric field. $1eV=1.602\cdot 10^{-19}J \hspace{1em}(\frac{kgm^2}{s^2})$
QCD
Quantum chromodynamics, describes Strong Nuclear Force.
Red, green and blue colors add up to neutral.
All quarks in a hadron need to have different color, resulting to a colorless hadron.
E.g. a proton has UUD quarks, with each having a different color.
Two of these quarks at a time, but continuously, interchange their colors by exchanging a gluon.
Gluon becomes the force carrying particles between these quarks, mediating the strong nuclear force.